【#初三# 导语】学习是快乐的,学习是幸福的,虽然在学习的道路上我们会遇到许多困难,但是只要努力解决这些困难后,你将会感觉到无比的轻松与快乐,所以我想让大家和我一起进入学习的海洋中,去共同享受快乐。©搜集的《初三上册英语期中知识点》,希望对同学们有帮助。
现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I’ve written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
可数名词变复数的几种形式
1.单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.
2.以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.
4.以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs.
5.以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes. 其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.
6.不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice.
7.单复数同形的名词:sheep,fish,dee.
注意:fish表示种类时,也用fishes这样的形式。
从句
1.宾语从句
在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句主要有三种类型,分别是that引导的宾语从句、if或whether引导的宾从、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。 常见的宾语从句引导词:that、if、whether、what、who、where、why和how。
Eg. I am sad that you refused me. 我很难过你拒绝了我。
2.定语从句
定语从句在中考和高考中出现的频率都非常高。在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as 等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
Eg. Lily likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
3.状语从句
状语从句就是由一个句子在复合句中充当状语。所以状语从句又可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等等。每种状语从句都有特定的引导词:
(1)地点状语从句:where,wherever
(2)时间状语从句:when, while, as, before, until, till, since
(3)原因状语从句:because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that,
considering that, in that
(4)目的状语从句:so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest
(5)结果状语从句:so…that, such that, so that, with the result that
(6)条件状语从句:if,unless,if only,only if,in case,suppose/supposing
(that),provided/providing(that),on condition that,so/as long as
(7)方式状语从句:as, as if, as though
(8)让步状语从句:though, although, as, even if, even though, whether, no matter
whether…or, no matter with
主动语态和被动语态
主动语态(The Active Voice)表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态(The Passive Voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成:承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般现在时:承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般过去时:承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词 have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
定冠词也出现在其他11种情况中,非同时注意不可。
用在单数名词前面,以代表同类的人或物,如:
The ox is a useful animal for farmers。
This type of work is easier for the teacher than for the student。
但当涉及man和woman这两个名词时,一般上不必用the:
Man is mortal。
Woman differs from man in many ways。
用在单数名词前面来表示有关名词的抽象概念,如:
Don’t play the fool。
Peter is fond of the bottle。
用在数目字前面,如:
Mr Li is somewhere in the 30s。
She was not yet born in the 50s。
用在测量单位前面,以表示“每”(each/per),如:
Some factory workers are paid by the hour。
This car usually does 15 kilometres to the litre。
用在比较级形容词或副词之前,以加强其意义,如:
The teacher explained the idea again,but his students were none the wiser。
Your mind will function all the better if you have some time away from your work。
用在“the more/better……the more/better……”结构里,如:
The more we practise,the more we improve。
The better the staff,the better the performance。
用在乐器名称之前,如:
The piano sounds better than the organ。
用在剧院、电影 院之前,如:
Do you often go to the cinema?
Tom went to the Lido last week。
用在四个方向之前,如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west。
用在复数姓氏之前,以表示有关家人,如:
The Browns will visit us tonight。
用在某些惯用语之前,如:
We know the ins and outs of the matter。
Compare the pros and cons before you make your decision。